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Article

Portuguese

ID: <

oai:doaj.org/article:ae4f18e9539c4e34943e97a91eb828e8

>

·

DOI: <

10.11606/issn.2446-5240.malala.2014.97484

>

Where these data come from
Imperialism and civil war in the Arab world: the Syrian tragedy: apories and consequences of a lack of intervention

Abstract

Second part of the article looking at the Syrian crisis in the international context, dealing with the situation from the anti-Assad popular uprising and the ensuing civil war of 2011 to the beginning of 2014, advocating the position that only a much more proactive international stance could free up violence and lay the foundations for a comprehensive debate to rethink the coexistence of different communities, ethnicities and religions. Among the factors that have made this coexistence more complicated in Syria – Lebanon and Iraq – than in other medio-eastern societies are unresolved issues of collective identity. A modern dictatorship, essentially unipartisan of one community (alawita) over the others, as a result of internal contradictions between different communities, ultimately led to the 2011 demonstrations. Despite demands to democratise the political structure, the extreme heterogeneity of Syrian society has not allowed the unification of oppositions. These, weak to start, received little external support (western in particular), while the regime benefited from the help of Hizbullah, Irman, Russia and other allies. Paradoxically, the use of Assad regime ADMS against Syrian civilians has faded the possibility of international intervention and ended up weakening democratic and/or liberal forces in favour of the interests of the Shia axis and Sunni jihadists. As a result from the end of 2013, the nature of the conflict began to turn from civil war to open war by proxy between Saudi, Turkish and Iranian interests, among others. The article argues that the conflict cannot be resolved by the internal forces themselves; tries to relativise the role of the state in a solution; outlines some elements of a new democratic constitution with strong guarantees for minorities; discuss the dilemma of the role of Islam in it; it explains why the solution to the Syrian conflict is linked to the solution of other conflicts in the Middle East.

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