This study focuses on the change in the hero image of literature in different historical periods of societies as a result of wars and changing social conditions. The object of our study is Spain's 16th and 20th century societal divergences and their impacts on novel writing. Similar consequences in society have been found to have similar consequences in the centuries in question, and by running, authors tend to lead to a realistic narrative in the literary works. One of the most important works of Spanish literature in the 16th and 20th centuries, the novels Lazarillo de Tormes, El Quijote, La colmena and La verdad sobre el caso Savolta presented a social criticism to the reader with his editorials who became anti-heroes. In doing so, unlike their tragic, epic and romantic hero of previous centuries, they describe their protagonists as skittish, anti-social and often "lost" anti-heroes. The unethical anti-hero of 16th century picaro differs from Spain's famous medieval hero Cid. It is almost impossible to meet a fearless hero such as Mio Cid, the epic poem of Spanish literature, which is thought to have been written in the 12nd century, which has been preserved from the Middle Ages to this day. On the one hand, Spain's 16th and 20th centuries Spain is described in detail, while on the other hand, through the novels addressed, the contours of the anti-hero image transform into the hero image are explored in light of theories and perceptual categories.