Resumois currently concerned about the increasing process of disorderly human occupation in the river basin of the Pequeno river and its consequent environmental degradation. This is demonstrated by alerts and complaints from various sections of society, which are often conveyed by the local and regional mid. This basin deserves special attention as the river Pequeno plays an important role in providing surface water to San José dos Pinhais in the Metropolitan Region of Stocktiba (PR). In the light of this scenario, research is undertaken into the current environmental conditions of the river basin of the Small River with a view to qualitatively assessing the environmental implications of the various farming practices developed by family farming, land use and land use in the canned basin. This research has sought to highlight the problem in the light of a theoretical approach that addresses the interrelationship of environmental variables, seeking to characterise the relationships between the natural elements of the environment and the dynamics of current land use and land use. This has been found to be an environmentally fragile area and, in the light of the various uses and land cover identified, the basin is undergoing a process of marked environmental degradation, which promotes the detection of the quality of its waters, thus making the risk of its loss as a public supply imminent, as agricultural activity in the basin, with intensive soil management, the use of agrochemicals and urbanisation, creates environmental impacts both in terms of erosive processes and risks of contamination of water resources. nowadays, a concern regarding the environmental consequences of the growing process of unordered human settlements at Pequeno River hydrographical basin, in São José dos Pinhais (Parana State, South Brazil). SUCH concern has been demonstrated in frequent denunciations made by severe society groups in local and regional Midia. The Small River basin deserves special attention continuously because it plays an important role as a source of superficial water to San José dos Pinhais city, at the Metropolitan Region of Stocktiba. Provided this scenario, it is essential to determine the present environmental conditions of the Small River basin in order to qualitatively assess the environmental implications resulting from the agricultural practices and land use made by the families in that region. The research for this article covered on demonstration, through a theoretical point of view interrelating the environmental variables, the linkage between the natural elements and the present land use dynamics. It was found that this basin is an environmentally sensitive area that is going through a severe degradation process due to the various uses of land and soil approval, generating a poor water quality and increasing the risk of shortening and thus affecting the water supply. The agricultural activities at the baseline on intense soil management with chemical control, and combined with the ongoing Urbanisation, they generate environmental impacts related to vulnerable processes and water contamination risks.