The spatial distribution pattern of surface-emitting temperatures within the urban area of Temuco and Padre Las Casas is analyzed. Its relation to the types of land use, the explanatory parameters such as vegetation cover and reflectivity and the distribution of particulate matter is evaluated. Landsat image, GIS and cadastre of emissions of particulate matter was used. The results indicated that surface temperatures of the consolidated urban area, presenting with marked contrasts in their spatial distribution, occur with high heterogeneity and an important development of areas with higher temperatures in specific sectors. The main factor behind this distribution is the reflectivity of the surface, indicating a closer relationship with the materiality and features covers of built elements than with the type of urban structure. We discuss how this might determine the distribution of particulate material into the urban area.