The visit to the Chilean Araucany in 1845 by scientist Ignacio Domeyko was part of his desire to visit a little more Chile before his return to Poland: see the country of the wild araucans. This ‘visit’ will give rise to a unique book that is a real defence of the human rights of Araucans: Araucanía and its inhabitants. Domeyko, which was highly respected in Chile, strongly influenced the establishment of a new look at the indigenous inhabitants of the south of the country. Its study has led to numerous revisions and critical articles. In this work I look back to the human rights that Domeyko gives to Araucana women in her daily cohabitation. The narrative happens when it had been in Chile for 22 years and is not disconnected from the ideology of the century and the historical facts of the Chilean civilising and progressive project; rather, it is focused on the project. The positive features of indigenous peoples are mitigated by announcing some of those who Domeyko considers to be serious misconduct, such as male authoritarianism about women, treatment and mistreatment of her: the confinement of Araucana women and the impossibility of self-deciding to be free. Paul Treutler, a German mine engineer, arrives in the Araucanía region fourteen years later in 1859 and will not only observe what Domeyko observed in 1845 about the state of Araucana women, but was very close to some of them; was able to witness trials against araucans women; they also receive the confession and request for help from a pregnant captive white woman, wife of one of the minds and victim of the other Araucans of the chacique. Two of its books are reviewed: Dams of a German in Chile 1851-1863 and Valdivia province and Araucans.