Purpose of the article. Based on the analysis of diverse historiographic literature, the institutional structure of Ukrainian historical science in interwar Poland is generalized. The research methodology is based on the use of an interdisciplinary approach. Based on the principles of objectivity and historicism, the research emphasis is placed on the structural and functional system analysis of historiographic facts and the comparative-historical method. The article uses heuristic possibilities of periodization, classification and typologization methods. The scientific novelty of the article lies in an attempt to generalize the institutional structure of the Ukrainian humanities in the Second Rzeczpospolita. The conclusions. Ukrainian intellectuals in the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, sometimes with the assistance of representatives of the Polish authorities, but more often in spite of its anti-Ukrainian policy, generally adapted well to the socio-political realities existing in the country. Responding to numerous challenges, they successfully transformed the institutional experience gained in the previous period of the Ukrainian humanities and, despite significant financial difficulties, initiated the creation of new research institutions, whose employees worked out the most promising problems in Ukraine. The specifics of Ukrainian humanities in the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was its institutional division between Lviv and Warsaw. And here, despite the saturation of interpersonal relations between Galician scientists and their Dnieper emigrant colleagues in the Polish capital, they failed to establish full-fledged institutional cooperation. This led to duplication of organizational structures, which often dealt with such problems. Such a situation, which obviously did not correspond to the modest material and human resources of the then Ukrainian science, resulted in the inconsistency of scientific projects, and sometimes personal conflict. However, the Ukrainian historical institutions that existed in the Second Polish Republic were transferred in the postwar period by emigrants to the countries of the free world, which allowed the domestic humanities to lengthen the times of the communist experiment in the Motherland and preserve the institutional memory.