In Europe, international relations have increased so markedly since World War II that contacts between peoples of different languages have increased thanks to the means of transport and communication. Europe is characterised by great linguistic diversity, as a result of historical developments in countries, migration of populations, refugee flows, economic, cultural, linguistic and educational policies. The borders of languages do not always coincide with the political and administrative borders of states, which can encourage the development of conflicts. Linguistic minorities claim the right to education in the mother tongue. However, several solutions have been found to this problem, such as the introduction of regional languages in the curriculum or bilingual education in the language regions. The key question of this article is: what bilingual education (mother tongue/majority language of the country) is possible in the next century?