The article describes the background of creation and beginnings of activity of the Ukrainian society of friendship and cultural connections with foreign countries (USFCC). The research is made on the basis of archival and the latest published documents. It is proved that in the middle of 1950­s there were preconditions of creation of USFCC : the transition of the USSR to the ideological forms of fight against capitalism; the determination of the public organizations of the international orientation as guides of foreign propaganda; the signing of a number of international documents on friendship and cultural cooperation between the USSR and foreign countries; creation of the Union of Soviet friendship organizations; creation of Ukrainian departments of friendship societies with 9 foreign countries. As a result, in 1959 year there was created USFCC ­ union of institutions, companies, art groups and individual figures of the USSR. The official goal is to popularize the culture of different nations in Ukraine and Ukrainian culture abroad, unofficial ­ pro­soviet propaganda. The activity of the Society was controlled by USFS, CPSU and the CPU. Therefore, the relationship with foreigners were carried out mainly within the framework of the all­Union delegations. The main forms of activity of the Organization ­­ the exchange of delegations and individual figures of culture, science, and technology; culture days, state receptions devoted to notable dates, evenings of foreign literature, music, theater, exhibition of foreign public organizations; patronage work on foreign students; sending exhibitions abroad, films and filmstrips, press materials; publication of the works of Ukrainian writers in foreign languages and works of the foreign authors into the Ukrainian language.