This study was carried out in the community of Bom Jardim, Cuiabá, in order to record medicinal plants, uses and frequency of use. A preliminary survey was followed out, followed by semi-structured interviews and direct observation of uses, preparation and indications. Field work was carried out between March 2008 and July 2009. Botanical material was deposited at the Central Herbarium of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). Among the study population ranging from 20 to 89 years old, 45% have no formal education. A total of 86 medicinal plant species were recorded, distributed in 45 families, the most import being Fabaceae, Mimosaceae, and Caesalpiniaceae. Trees were the most common plant habit, followed by herbs and shrubs. Leaves are the most used plant parts, and decoction (tea) the main preparation method. The population was found to recognize and use a significant number of local species, with a broad range of knowledge in the medicinal category. Interview responses and daily management practices suggest a growing degree of concern within the population regarding plant biodiversity and conservation of these species.