La recently adopted Organic Law 2/2010 on ‘Sexual and reproductive health and abortion’ announces for the first time in Spain a number of fundamental rights in the area of sexual and reproductive health, while establishing a new regulation of abortion. not punishable. This renewed system gives a wide range of autonomy to pregnant women to decide on their possible maternity during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy, combined with two indications on medical grounds, including cases of danger to women’s life or health and foetal abnormalities. Although the law is being challenged before the Constitutional Court, there are sufficient grounds to justify its compliance with the principles recognised in the Spanish Constitution, in particular the declared legal objective of developing public policies on information and sexual and reproductive education aimed at reducing the alarming number of unwanted pregnancies recorded annually, especially among the youth population. An objective that can help contain abortions occurring in Spain in a much more realistic and effective way than the threat of criminal sanctions.