El provides an overview of the historical production of the last quarter of a century focused on the renewal of the history of Spanish-American independence from the emergence of a questionnaire that was deployed throughout the period. This questionnaire was enriched by a more general reflection which was discussed and fed into a package. concerns where political history and political thinking are difficult to distinguish: the emergence of nations, federalism, analysis of electoral processes, discussion of sovereignty, spaces of sociability, etc. The text also examines the derivations that led to a consideration of the link between liberalism and republicanism, the renewal of a constitutionalist perspective and the emergence of attempts to expand comparative thinking both in chronological and spatial terms.