Based on novels written in Modern Standard Arabic published between 1963 and 2005 and from the entire Arab world, this article suggests how the hypothetical systems of this variety of language no longer correspond to the established "classical" model. Specifically, it demonstrates that the so called...

The verb forms ending in -ra and -se in modern Spanish both correspond to the imperfect subjunctive, but their use is far from equal throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Rojo (1996) documents that the -se form is all but obsolete in the majority of American nations, and Kempas (2011) records rates...

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Word-order in Akkadian is generally described as SOV, and although other word-orders than SOV are visible in texts when they are examined individually, trends over an entire corpus remain difficult to establish. Buccellati (1996: 396) recommended that to make word order trends visible, a representat...

Basque correlatives and the matrix clauses that contain them are systematically compared withtheir counterpart in various languages. The dimensions of cross-linguistic variation describedare : (a) the paradigm the wh- items belong to (relative or interrogative ?), (b) their position inthe protasis,...

This work proposes an analysis of the conditional double subjuntive constructions, which follows a suggestion that was presented for the first time — to your knowledge — in the RAE grammar of 1870. This work, in a sense, develops — in a modern theoretical model — this proposal. We argue that prosthe...

The paper argues that the discourse dependency of Biblical Hebrew consecutive weqaṭal and wayyiqṭol forms is encoded in their semantic structure and is not just an implicature of the context. This is a heritage of their historical origin in subordinate constructions with temporal integration between...

Summary: In this article, we refer to the conjunctive function of the make-perfect pretéria. Our data come from historical journals of the Ceará Institute: thirteen of the period from 1944 to 1956 and thirteen of the period from 2000 to 2012. In the light of functional assumptions (modality, marking...

Since Haiman (1985), the iconicity of syntax is a hot topic. This subject is particularly important in the case of isolating languages, with reduced morphology, in which the word order is the main marker of syntactic structures, and, is, therefore, at the centre of grammar. Does the word order in a...

originally, Slavic languages know only one form of hypothetical, consisting of the perfect contribution in -l and a special form of ‘being’ of optional origin. There is therefore no opposition between the impracticable at the time of the speech and the failure to do so. Although a number of Slavic l...