National hearing

In recent years, religious news, both media and scientific, has focused on its visibility in the public space. From this point of view, France maintains the image of a secular country, some of which would reflect a more limited tolerance than in its European neighbours of demonstrations of religious...

‘titrebSummary’/titrebDe 1999 to 2001, we observed the behaviours and analysed the testimonies of many pilgrims from all over the world to gather at the scene of the Diana fatal accident, Princesse de Wales, Place de l’Alma. His disappearance gave rise to a genuine popular worship in the Flamme of F...

happiness. The United States of America has built and developed on a big, ambitious and complex idea: the search for happiness (the pursuit of happiness). In this New World, which has been working to reinvent itself continuously for four centuries while remaining faithful to its universal business,...

Robespierre was overthrown on 9 thermidor an II (27 July 1794) by a coalition bringing together Billaud-Varenne, Collot-d’Herbois, Barère and other ‘the most authentic representatives of the TError system, who [only] came into conflict with Robespierre for reasons related to their personal ambition’...

International audience

While the history of death has generated much work, the story of the fate of the dead body remains unknown. Until the xviiy century, the Church is responsible for entrenching the bodies in adjacent churches, screeds or cemeteries, making sure that these funeral areas are sacred. But urbanisation, th...

International audience

Book performance on 9 January 2017 — We are in 1702 and Louis XIV revoked Nantes’ edit seventeen years earlier, banning protesters from their freedom of worship. David, a cvenol peasant, will insurgency against the violence of the King and dragonades by becoming a feared camisard. Persecuted, impris...

President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered a speech in January 1941, which entered the history of the “Fourth Freedom”; apart from freedom of religion and freedom of expression, both of which are set out in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and are key elements of the American con...

Presented by Ahcene BOUDJEMA There is not only one freedom but several. Religion is one; caricature, another. When freedoms are interposed, there are tensions. Religion, at the heart of socio-political debates, is an ubiquitous issue. When religious value is used in cartoons with humorous intent, th...

This study aims to analyse the theological-political assises of the Japanese state in the Meiji era (1868-1912). This type of governance has been built, on the one hand, by the mythological legacy of ancestral sacrality and, on the other hand, by importing legal and political institutions inspired b...

In 1861, canon Mallet, from Cambrai diocese, is put to trial under the accusation of abduction of Jewish children and their conversion without theit parents’ assent. On this matter, the public authority and the religious one have totally conflicting opinions. The first one stand for the freedom of c...

As a result of the 1868 Law establishing freedom of choice of worship, Jews obtained equal rights in the field of religion in Austria. This law has de facto led to conversions to Judaism, which was previously prohibited by law. Proselytes and converts were mostly poor immigrants looking for work, on...

“the authorities formed to serve me as the mayor of Paris are between law and opinion”: in March 1792, the public prosecutor of the municipality of Redon described the reluctance of the local authorities to enforce religious legislation. One month later, the district of Redon breaks the administrati...

As French history, the German history of the 19th century is dominated by the consequences of the French revolution, and of the lack of power of its promoters to reach a new social contract. The Germans therefore also seek to reshape their unity, and they also fluctuate throughout the century betwee...

International audience

The city of Metz (20,000 inhabitants), under French protection since 1552, then politically frenchified until the official annexation in 1648, can be viewed as a particular laboratory of confessional coexistence and of the tolerance granted by the monarchy during the 17th century. We can see the pre...

In the 1860s, alongside his virulent opposition to the Second Empire, Gustave Courbet produces paintings, pamphlets and illustrations that serve his anti-erical struggle. Echoing the Back of the Conference, rejected for immorality in the 1863 Salon and the Refusted Salon — the work shows a corte of...

Religious freedom, the principal aspect of freedom of conscience, is not limited to the pure domain of the internal forum. It is also of its nature to be exteriorized by worship, signs of belonging and other identifiable material symbols. However, in contemporary French society, under the influence...

The right to freedom of religion, as all over fundamental rights, benefits the prisoner, in the limit of inherent contingencies in custody. The protection of freedom of religion suffers first from its confrontation with the requirements due to security and the good order of the establishment. On the...

‘titrebSummary’/titrebThe prevention of the use of psychoactive products at work is too often limited to the sole responsibility of people with or without the ability to manage their consumption. The world of work too often disposes of its co-responsibility to create the conditions for the use of th...

The secularism in France now has the task of peaceful relations between the state, Islam and society, as it has recently done for the Catholic Church. However, it would be reductive to limit it to the management of religious worship. More than recognising a right — freedom of conscience — it is also...

For the European Court of Human Rights, the autonomy of religious communities forms the basis for guaranteeing freedom of religion for all faithful. Their right to organise themselves in accordance with their own rules, subject to very limited review by the courts, gives them considerable latitude i...